D365 INTERVIEW QUESTIONS and ANSWERS [UPDATED 2019] AX2012

D365  INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

D365  QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1. What are the new features of D365 ?

https://d365solution.blogspot.com/2019/01/whats-new-in-d365-microsoft-dynamics.html

2.Can you explain the concept of extensions?

 https://d365solution.blogspot.com/2019/01/explain-concept-of-extensions.html

3. What are models and how are the created ?

A Dynamics AX model is a group of elements that constitutes a distributable software solution (including customizations of an existing solution). A model is a design-time concept. An example of models: warehouse management model, application suite ,etc.

https://d365solution.blogspot.com/2019/01/what-are-models-in-d365-interview.html

4. What are entities and how to you create ?

https://d365solution.blogspot.com/2019/01/what-are-entities-in-d365-how-to-you.html

5. How to import and export data in D365. ?

You can use data entities or DMF to import and export data in d365 .
Excel addins can also be used .
In fact excel can be used via entities to import in d365 with O365 login.

6. oops concept
https://d365solution.blogspot.com/2019/01/oops-concept-in-d365.html

7. Delete actions & its types

    7.   How many types of relations are available in Axapta, Explain each of them.

Normal Relation: enforce referential integrity such as foreign keys. 

                            For displaying lookup on the child table.

Field fixed:                works as a trigger to verify that a relation is active, if an enum field in the table has a specific value then the relation is active. It works on conditional relations and works on enum type of data.

Ex- Dimension table

Related field fixed: works as a filter on the related table.it only shows records that match the specified value for an enum field on the related table.

8 .Delete Actions in AX ?

A.            None

              Cascade

              Restricted

              Cascade+Restricted.

https://d365solution.blogspot.com/2019/01/delete-actions-with-examples-and.html

9) Difference between Containers and Temp tables

·         Data in containers are stored and retrieved sequentially, but a temporary table enables you to define indexes to speed up data retrieval.

·         Containers provide slower data access if you are working with many records. However, if you are working with only a few records, use a container.

·         Another important difference between temporary tables and containers is how they are used in method calls. When you pass a temporary table into a method call, it is passed by reference. Containers are passed by value.

·         When a variable is passed by reference, only a pointer to the object is passed into the method. When a variable is passed by value, a new copy of the variable is passed into the method. If the computer has a limited amount of memory, it might start swapping memory to disk, slowing down application execution. When you pass a variable into a method, a temporary table may provide better performance than a container.

  

Temp Tables

From a developer's perspective, temporary tables store data in the same way as normal physical tables, except that the data is automatically dropped when no longer required.

They are useful in two common situations

1.    As the datasource for a form or report, where the original data is too complex to be easily queried.

2.    As temporary storage during complicated processing, to hold the results midway through the process.

10 ) What are the types of temporary tables

Prior to Dynamics Ax version Ax 2012, only one type of temporary table was available. In Ax 2012, however, the Temporary property on tables was replaced with a new property: TableType, which has three possible values:

§  Regular - a standard physical table

§  InMemory - the type of temporary table which existed in the previous versions of Dynamics Ax. Such tables are held in memory and written to a local disk file once they grow beyond a certain point

§  TempDB - a new option in Ax 2012. They are "physical" temporary tables held in the SQL Server database.

The new TempDB tables operate in a similar manner to InMemory tables but support more features from standard physical tables:

§  More powerful joins with physical tables are possible, and are properly supported by the database

§  Can be per-company or global

Support for normal tts transactions

12) Difference between update and doupdate

The doUpdate table method updates the current record with the contents of the buffer. This method also updates the appropriate system fields.

The doUpdate method should be used when the update method on the table is to be bypassed. Suppose you have overridden the update method of the table but sometime there is a situation when you don't want the code written in the overridden update method to be executed and at the same time want any selected record of that table to be updated. In such situation you should call the table.doupdate() method instead of table.update() method.

.         What is the difference between form init() & DS init()

Form init(): init is activated immediately after new and creates the run-time image of the form.

DS init(): Creates a data source query based on the data source properties.

The form data source init method creates the query to fetch data from the database and sets up links if the form is linked to another form.

      What is difference between new & construct method

new(): used to create a memory to the object.

Construct():  You should create a static construct method for each class. The method should return an instance of the class.

      What  are the different types of Table groups defined on table properties?

Miscellaneous

Parameter

Group

Main

Transaction

WorkSheetHeader

WorkSheetLine

     How to create lookups in AX ?

 By using table relations

 Using EDT relations.

 Using X++ code(Syslookup class).

Difference between Primary & Cluster index.

Primary index: It works on unique indexes. The data should be unique and not null. Retrieve data from the database.

Clustered Index: Clustered Index. A clustered index defines the order in which data is physically stored in a table. Table data can be sorted in only way, therefore, there can be only one clustered index per table. In SQL Server, the primary key constraint automatically creates a clustered index on that particular column It works on unique and non-unique indexes. Retrieve data from the AOS.

The advantages of having a cluster index are as follows:

Search results are quicker when records are retrieved by the cluster index, especially if records are retrieved sequentially along the index.

Other indexes that use fields that are a part of the cluster index might use less data space.

Fewer files in the database; data is clustered in the same file as the clustering index. This reduces the space used on the disk and in the cache.

The disadvantages of having a cluster index are as follows:

• It takes longer to update records (but only when the fields in the clustering index are changed).

• More data space might be used for other indexes that use fields that are not part of the cluster index if the clustering index is wider than approximately 20 characters).

Difference between Index and Index hint ?

Adding the "index" statement to an Axapta select, it does NOT mean that this index will be used by

the database. What it DOES mean is that Axapta will send an "order by" to the database. Adding the "index hint" statement to an Axapta select, it DOES mean that this index will be used by the database (and no other one).

What is an EDT and Base Enum ?

EDT - To reuse its properties. The properties of many fields can change at one time by changing the properties on the EDT. Relations can be assigned to an edt are known as Dynamic relations.

EDT relations are Normal and Related field fixed.

field fixed works on only between two tables 1- 1 relation and Related field fixed works on 1- many tables so edt uses related field fixed.

          

BaseEnum - which is a list of literals. Enum values are represented internally as integers. you can declare up to 251 (0 to 250) literals in a single enum type. To reference an enum in X++, use the name of the enum, followed by the name of the literal, separated by two colons . ex - NoYes::No.

        

       Define AOS  

The Microsoft Dynamics AX Object Server (AOS) is the second-tier application server in the Microsoft Dynamics AX three-tier architecture.

The 3-tier environment is divided as follows:

• First Tier – Intelligent Client • Second Tier – AOS • Third Tier – Database Server

In a 3-tier solution the database runs on a server as the third tier; the AOS handles the business logic in the second tier. The thin client is the first tier and handles the user interface and necessary program logic.

        Types of data validation methods are written on table level?

validateField(),validateWrite(),validateDelete(),aosvalidateDelete(),aosvalidateInsert(),

aosvalidateRead(),aosvalidateUpdate().'

      What are the different types of menu items available, explain each of them

Display – for Form

Output  - for Report

Action   - for classes.

     Difference between pass by reference and pass by value?

Pass By Reference:
In Pass by reference address of the variable is passed to a function. Whatever changes made to the formal parameter will affect to the actual parameters
- Same memory location is used for both variables.(Formal and Actual)-
- it is useful when you required to return more than 1 values
Pass By Value:
- In this method value of the variable is passed. Changes made to formal will not affect the actual parameters.
- Different memory locations will be created for both variables.
- Here there will be temporary variable created in the function stack which does not affect the original variable.

In case of pass by value, the change in the sub-function will not cause any change in the main function whereas in pass by reference the change in the sub-function will change the value in the main function.

Pass by value sends a COPY of the data stored in the variable you specify, pass by reference sends a direct link to the variable itself. So if you pass a variable by reference and then change the variable inside the block you passed it into, the original variable will be changed. If you simply pass by value, the original variable will not be able to be changed by the block you passed it into but you will get a copy of whatever it contained at the time of the call.

How can we sort the DS, what facility we can get in by placing fields in Ranges

  this.query().datasource(1).addsortfield(fieldnum(tablename,fieldname),sorting:ascending);

 What are Queries, how do we use them

You can create a query to retrieve data by using the query classes.

What is Composite query?

A composite query uses another query as its data source. A composite query is similar to class inheritance in X++ or C#. A composite query is a good design choice when one of the following is true:

An existing query lacks only a range that you want to add. An existing query lacks only a method override that you want to add.

Why do we provide Configuration key & Security Key?

Configuration key: Configuration keys allow administrators to enable or disable features in the application for all users. Disabling features helps to minimize the attack surface against potential attacks.

Configuration keys are applied to:

·                     Tables

·                     Fields

·                     Indexes

·                     Views

·                     Menus

·                     Menu items

·                     Form controls,

·                     Report controls

·                     Extended data types

·                     Enumerations

Security key: Security keys allow administrators to set security on a user group level. Minimizing access on a user group level helps to reduce the attack surface against potential attacks.

The main reasons to apply user-level security are to:

Allow users to do only their designated tasks.

Protect sensitive data in the database.

Prevent users from inadvertently breaking an application by changing code or objects on which the application depends.

You need to apply a security key to:

·                     Tables

·                     Views

·                     Menus

·                     Menu items

·                     Form controls

·                     Report controls

What is difference between select & select firstonly statements

The statement fetches or manipulates data from the database or both fetches and manipulates data from the database. Results of a select statement are returned in a table buffer variable.

If you are going to use only the first record or if only one record can be found, use the firstOnly qualifier. This optimizes the select statement for only one record. It is a best practice to use the firstOnly qualifier in find methods on tables.

What is an Intermediate Language?

(IL) Intermediate Language Or (CIL) Common Intermediate Language Or (MSIL) Microsoft Intermediate Language, is one of the Core component of the .NET Framework. Any .NET source codes written in any .net supportive language (C#,VB.net etc), when compiled are converted to MSIL. This MSIL, when installed or at the Runtime, gets converted to machine code. The Runtime conversion of MSIL code to the machine code is handled by a component called as the Just In Time (JIT) Compiler.

Is multiple inherticance possible in AX?

No

It can be achived through interfaces.

Interfaces : It doesnt have method definition.

void calculatew()

{

}

class classz implements interface

void calculatew()

{

 a +b;

}

Id method overloading possible, or function overloading possible in AX ?

no - it doesnt allow to create another method with same name

Abstract and final key words

abstarct - no need to create object, y?? when we know that we have to create object of child classes only, I will make the class as abstarct and i use the concept of constructor controlled inheritance

DataDictinary ->AOT

Table - collection of rows and columns

EDT ?? - Inheritance, code easy readability, lookups, and filter

- 2 RELAtions [Normal and RFF [where clause] in 2009 in 2012 table reference

example : select * from custtable - is normal relation

select * from custtable where gender == female is RFF

How to add columns to the Lookups 

1) Index, 

2) Titlefield1 and Titlefield1 

3) autolookups

How to get lookups?

In 3 ways

- EDT

- AutoLookup

- Relations

what is base enum ?

Set of literals or constants which will never change

- example [week - s,s,m,t,....] enums are stored as integers and max - 250

can be accessed by using :: [scope resolution]

why do we use index 

- faster performace in select queries

Not to allow duplicates

FieldName Followed by Idx = AccountNoIdx

Field groups in tables ?

Autoreport - ctrl + p

Autolookup 

almost all the fields should fall under a fieldgroup - on the forms - field groups form as Group control

Relations on table :

How one table is related or linked to another

Normal - CustTable.accno == custTrans.accno

RFF - paid == custTrans.paid [secondary table on enums]

FF - custTable.gender == male [primary table on enums]

What are the methods on Table ?

initvalue()

validatefield()

validatewrite()

modifiedfield()

validatedelete()

delete()

update()

insert()

forcible inserts/delete/updates

dodelete()

doinsert()

doupdate()

Macros?

macros are resuable components

macros will reduce lines of code

pre-processor

no debugging

faster as they are already compiled

3 ways

- local macro

- aot

- macro library

can we pass values to macro ? yes via strfmt %1 

Forms : ALL below questions are answered on below link.

https://d365solution.blogspot.com/2019/02/forms-interview-question-in-d365.html

When u close the form?

canclose()- boolean, close()

Ok command buton - closeok(), canclose(), close()

Save a record from the form?

when u create a new record?

how do u do filteraions on the forms????

executequery and use queryBuildRange

How t\do you link teh datasources on the form??

How many link types are available on the datasource??

How to u pass values from one form to another form

what is args class??

How do u implement progress bars::

sysoperationprogress class - set total, inccount()

HourglassIndicators - startlenoperation(*), elo()

Runbase framework?

dialogs, progress bars, to run a particular business logic

RunbaseBatch()

dialogs, progress bars, to run a particular business logic. but we can schedule this class to run periodically [recurrance button]

cd, main, run, pack, unpack, description, getfromdialog, dialog, cangobatchjournal

Collection classes? Continer, array, List, Set, Map

What is temporary table?

Table table will not hold the data permanently

- Temporary property on table "Yes" makes the table sas temporary table

- Where is the data stored ? wehreevr the first record is created.[ client, server]

when the record is getting created from form, report

If the date is inserted from table - always the file is created on server

class - runon property - calledfrom, client, server

If the class is getting called from Form - the business logic will run on client

If the class is getting called from table and the calss runon property is seto to called from - then he business logic will run on server

File handling?

1) txt file [txtbuffer- settext,gettext,fromfile,tofile]

comma seperated file>>> csv , commaio class

infielddl,outfieldl,read(),wriote(), recorddelimters, status ok....

xml >> xmldocument - getelementsbytagname, length

xmltextwriter - writestartdocument, endocument, writelement, elementstring, close

what is winapi class?

winapi class will help to do all the things which u can do in the operating systems

1) moving file

2)deleting, renaming, copying, getting the disk space, shutdown....

queries?

why do we use queries?

queries are user interactive, faster, compiles, reusable components

query, queryrun,querybuilddatasource,querybuildrange

if(qr.prompt())

what is difference between temporary table and container?

when there are more than 50 columns then we go for temp tables

and also there are some advantages using temp tables - we can create index, methods , fieldgroups

How do u share tables across the companies?

Table collections and virtual companies

when is configuration key used?

To enable and disable the features for all users [tables, fields, indexes, form controls, edt.enum...etc]

Security key for set of users or usergroups

- tables, forms, report, menuitems etc

RLS [Record level security]

What are display methods?

display methods will help you to show the data from some other table or hardcoded strings..these are not bound controls an we cannot use filter or sorting options

Surrogate Key

A surrogate key is a system generated value that acts as the primary key of a table. This value is typically used instead of a set of fields called the natural key which would typically act as the primary key of a table. Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 uses RecId as the surrogate key.

With Microsoft Dynamics AX 2012 supporting table inheritance

The Organization table is also a base table because it is extended by two derived tables: NonProfitOrganization and GovernmentOrganization.

Date effectiveness is an ability of the application to associate valid from and to dates with the application artifacts. For example, an agreement can be valid between a range of dates; similarly interest rates are assigned based on start date and end date association

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

An Application Object Server (AOS) is a service that runs most of

the business logic. This runs continuously on a central server

The Application Object Server (AOS) is the Microsoft Dynamics AX

application server. The AOS is where most of the business logic is executed.

The AOS performs many tasks. Some of the most important tasks include:

• X++ runtime: It runs the X++ code which provides most of the

business logic in Microsoft Dynamics AX.

• Security: It enforces security to manage access to data and

functionality.

• Session management: It manages client sessions.

• Web services: It is a web service endpoint.

Enterprise Portal pages are displayed through a web browser. A subset of

functionality and reports are available on the portal

The .NET Business Connector is a client that has no user interface. It is

designed for other applications to access the Microsoft Dynamics AX business

logic.

The Application Object Tree (AOT) is a tree view of all application elements in

Microsoft Dynamics AX.

Natural key

You use the values in one or more columns to uniquely identify a record. The column or columns contain meaningful data values. For example, you could use CompanyName as a natural key for the records in a table.

What are Maps ?

Maps are used to link tables. By creating a map, fields can be

accessed in different tables if the fields are of similar types but have

different names. For example, a class that implements functionality

to process data in the tables. If these tables use identical names for

the columns, you can reuse data processing classes.

What are views in d365?

Views are read only data representations that combine multiple table

objects. Views present a selected set of rows and columns by joining

different tables through data sources and relations between them.

Frequently views represent a subset of fields from a single table to

simplify reporting.

When a view is created, the view definition is generated and stored in the

database. When that view is accessed, the view dynamically retrieves the data

that satisfies the view definition.

Views are synchronized like tables. When a view is synchronized, the view

definition is saved to the database. Synchronization of an existing view causes

the definition of that view to be dropped and re-created in the database

What are Extended Data Types ?

Extended Data Types are customized data types based on the

primitive MorphX data types including strings, integers, reals, dates,

times, enums, or containers.

What is Base Enums  ?

Base Enums are a list of literals that can be used throughout the

development environment in MorphX. Enums (enumerable type) are

an extended data type that inherits from a base enum.

What is IntelliMorph ?

IntelliMorph is the term given to the technology that adjusts the layout of forms

and reports which use the modified field group. Adding new fields to a field

group can be a powerful technique for updating forms that use field groups with

a new field.

A Privilege is a group of related permissions that are required to perform a duty.

it is recommended to

group privileges into duties and assign duties to roles.

Duties are a group of related privileges required to perform a task.

Duties are grouped into the following six Process Cycles.

• Conversion cycle

• Cost accounting cycle

Roles are a group of duties that are required by an end-user to do his or her job

based on the end-user's role in the organization.

only two options (yes or no) as to whether a customer account is

on hold.

Optimistic Concurrency Control (OCC) helps increase database performance. Pessimistic Concurrency Control locks records as soon as they are fetched from the database for an update. However, Optimistic Concurrency only locks records from the time when the actual update is performed.

Pessimistic concurrency was the only option available in Microsoft Axapta 3.0 (now a part of Microsoft Dynamics). You can now choose which concurrency model to use—optimistic or pessimistic.

System Index

Microsoft Dynamics AX requires a unique index on each table so if there are no indexes on a table or all the indexes are disabled, a system index is automatically created. The system index is created on the RecId and DataAreaId fields if the DataAreaId field exists. Otherwise the system index is created on the RecId field. You can see system indexes in the database but they aren't visible in the AOT.

These tools include the following:

• X++ Editor

• X++ Compiler

• X++ Debugger

• Visual Studio

• Visual Studio Debugger

New(): This method instantiates a new object.]]]

Main

The main() method is the entry point when the class is executed from a menu

item. The method is static. It defines and initializes the object. Notice that new()

should never accept any parameters. The main method receives one formal

parameter that is an args() object. This object is described further.

The main() method is also responsible for calling prompt(), which executes the

dialog, and then calling run() to perform the manipulation.

static void main(Args _args)

{

DemoRunBase demoRunBase;

demoRunBase = new DemoRunBase();

if (demoRunBase.prompt())

{

demoRunBase.run();

}

}

Property Description

LinkType The LinkType property determines how two data sources

are joined. The following list describes each option:

• Passive: The query on the joined data source is only

executed when the form is opened. A later change in the

controlling data source does not change the view.

• Delayed: The query on the joined data source is

executed every time that the controlling data source is

changed. The query execution is delayed to avoid the

fetch of data, if the controlling data source is changed

multiple times in a short time. This is the case when the

user is scrolling through data on a grid.

• Active: This option is similar to Delayed, except there is

no delay before the query is executed.

• InnerJoin: Selects records from the main table that have

matching records in the joined table and vice versa. If

the joined table does not have any records related to the

main table record, the main table record is not

displayed. Each match returns a result set of the main

table record and joined table record joined together as

one record. This is useful when wanting to display

records from both tables in a grid.

• OuterJoin: Selects records from the main table whether

they have matching records in the joined table. Each

match returns a result set of the main table record and

joined table record joined together as one record. If

there is no match, the fields from the joined table will be

empty.

• ExistsJoin: Selects a record from the main table only if

there is a matching record in the joined table. As soon as

a matching record is found, the main table record is

returned. The record in the joined table is never

retrieved.

• NotExistsJoin: Select records from the main table that

do not have a match in the joined table.

IntelliMorph

IntelliMorph is a technology that simplifies the modification of forms. For

example, IntelliMorph lets users hide and show fields. Individual users can safely

and swiftly rearrange fields to best suit their work preferences without modifying

the form through the AOT (Application Object Tree). IntelliMorph also makes it

possible to quickly redesign forms. Field labels can be modified without

disturbing field data or underlying business logic.

When the form is displayed the width of the labels are adjusted to the actual

language. Fields that are not active because of configuration or security are

removed. The formatting of date, time and numbers is performed according to the

settings in the operating system.

FormRun.Run

The run method is called immediately after the init method. The super() call

makes the form window appear on the screen and performs a database search for

the data to be displayed in the form.

Typical reasons for overriding the formRun.run() method include, activating or

de-activating some fields, setting default values for controls or modifying the

query.

You must call super() if you override formRun.run() method, and you should

place your code before the super() call.

Thanks,

Vikas Mehta.